tratamientos para talasemia

El tratamiento para la talasemia mayor a menudo implica transfusiones de sangre regulares y suplementos de folato.
Si usted recibe transfusiones de sangre, no debe tomar suplementos de hierro. Hacer esto puede provocar que se acumule una alta cantidad de hierro en el cuerpo, lo cual puede ser dañino.
Las personas que reciben un número significativo de transfusiones requieren un tratamiento llamado terapia de quelación para eliminar el hierro del cuerpo.
El trasplante de médula ósea puede ayudar a tratar la enfermedad en algunos pacientes, especialmente niños.

Las transfusiones de sangre pueden ayudar a controlar algunos síntomas, pero pueden provocar sobrecarga de hierro, lo cual puede causar daño a los sistemas cardíaco, hepático y endocrino.

iron

How does the body regulate the amount of iron? Fortunately, most of us are able to maintain appropriate levels of available iron in the body (enough available iron to ensure an adequate supply of hemoglobin, but not so much as to produce toxic effects), even if our iron consumption does not always exactly match the body's iron loss. Ferritin (Figure 1) is the key to this important control of the amount of iron available to the body. Ferritin is a protein that stores iron and releases it in a controlled fashion. Hence, the body has a "buffer" against iron deficiency (if the blood has too little iron, ferritin can release more) and, to a lesser extent, iron overload (if the blood and tissues of the body have too much iron, ferritin can help to store the excess iron).

How does ferritin store iron? Ferritin has the shape of a hollow sphere. Inside the sphere, iron is stored in the Fe(III) oxidation state. It is incorporated in the mineral ferrihydrite, [FeO(OH)]8[FeO(H2PO4)], which is attached to the inner wall of the sphere. To release iron when the body needs it, the iron must be changed from the Fe(III) to the Fe(II) oxidation state. Then, the iron leaves through channels in the spherical structure. Thus, the structure of ferritin is extremely important for the protein's ability to store and release iron in a controlled fashion. In order to understand how ferritin helps to maintain the correct amount of available iron in the body, we must study the protein's structure in detail.

CURVA DE CALIBRACIÓN

Línea determinada por la información de respuesta de calibración de un instrumento. Función matemática producida por la regresión de las respuestas del detector registradas durante la calibración de un instrumento. La función describe las respuestas del detector a lo largo de un rango de concentraciones y es utilizada para predecir la concentración de una muestra desconocida, basándose en la respuesta del detector.

Hemoglobina

Es una proteína conjugada presente en los glóbulos rojos que, normalmente, transporta oxígeno y dióxido de carbono.
Un examen sanguíneo puede determinar qué tanta hemoglobina tiene uno en la sangre.

Los resultados normales varían, pero en general son:
Hombre: de 13.8 a 17.2 g/dL
Mujer: de 12.1 a 15.1 g/dL

ANEMIA

La anemia es una enfermedad en la que la persona tiene una deficiencia de glóbulos rojos.

Como sabemos los glóbulos rojos son los que transportan el oxígeno en el cuerpo, al haber una disminución en estos, la persona anémica presenta cansancio y fatiga ya que el O2 junto con la glucosa forma la "gasolina" del cuerpo; es vital para la proporción de energía.

Puede ser provocada por diversas causas:

Anemia por deficiencia de B12
Anemia por deficiencia de folato
Anemia ferropénica
Anemia hemolítica
Anemia hemolítica por deficiencia de G-6-PD
Anemia aplásica idiopática
Anemia hemolítica autoinmunitaria idiopática
Anemia hemolítica inmunitaria
Anemia megaloblástica
Anemia perniciosa
Anemia aplásica secundaria
Anemia drepanocítica

ANTHRAX

Bacillus anthracis is a rod-shaped Gram-positive bacterium, about 1 by 9 micrometers in size. It was shown to cause disease by Robert Koch in 1877. The bacterium normally rests in endospore form in the soil, and can survive for up to decades in this state. Herbivores are often infected whilst grazing or browsing, especially when eating rough, irritant or spiky vegetation: the vegetation has been hypothesized to cause wounds within the gastrointestinal tract permitting entry of the bacterial endo-spores into the tissues, though this has not been proven. Once ingested or placed in an open cut, the bacterium begins multiplying inside the animal or human and typically kills the host within a few days or weeks. The endo-spores germinate at the site of entry into the tissues and then spread via the circulation to the lymphatics, where the bacteria multiply. It is the production of two powerful exo-toxins (edema toxin and lethal toxin) by the bacteria that causes death. Veterinarians can often tell a possible anthrax-induced death by its sudden occurrence, and by the dark, non-clotting blood that oozes from the body orifices. Most anthrax bacteria inside the body after death are out-competed and destroyed by anaerobic bacteria within minutes to hours post-mortem. However, anthrax vegetative bacteria that escape the body via oozing blood or through the opening of the carcass may form hardy spores. One spore forms per one vegetative bacterium. The triggers for spore formation are not yet known, though oxygen tension and lack of nutrients may play roles. Once formed, these spores are very hard to eradicate.